ancient traditions and genealogies. The opening of the book introduces readers to the foundational aspects of Mauritanian history, specifically addressing the early settlements and conflicts involving the Bafour people and subsequent invasions by Berber and Arab tribes. It discusses the cultural and social dynamics of the region, including the interactions between Berbers and the enslaved populations they encountered. As the narrative progresses, Marty presents the historical lineage and immense complexity of the Brakna tribes, laying the groundwork for detailed discussions of tribal dominance and the evolution of tribal identities within the broader Islamic framework in Mauritania. This opening sets the stage for an exploration into the intricate history of the region that is both rich and multifaceted. (This is an automatically generated summary.)